Practice of immersion in hot water to relieve pain in neonatology: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify immersion use in hot water to relieve pain in newborns. METHODS: an integrative literature review, carried out in the PubMed, VHL, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane and SciELO databases, with investigations in English, Spanish, French or Portuguese, published between 2002 and 2022. The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used to answer the following question: what are the uses of hot water immersion in relieving pain in newborns? RESULTS: nine studies were included, mainly Brazilian, experimental, with a predominance of strong and moderate levels of evidence. Hydrotherapy and bath use (immersion and bandaging) was observed, promising interventions in reducing pain scores, assessed using scales, physiological and endocrine parameters. CONCLUSIONS: hot water proved to be a promising non-pharmacological intervention in relieving pain in infants in different contexts.

Influence of Therapeutic Play on the anxiety of hospitalized school-age children: Clinical trial / Influencia del Juguete Terapéutico en la ansiedad de niños en edad escolar hospitalizados: Ensayo clínico / Influência do Brinquedo Terapêutico na ansiedade de crianças escolares hospitalizadas: Ensaio clínico

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of Dramatic Therapeutic Play (DTP) technique on the degree of anxiety in hospitalized school-age children. Method: Randomized clinical trial performed in two hospitals ofSão Paulo, between May and October 2015. The intervention consisted of the application of DTP and the outcome was evaluated through the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD: H) instrument. The Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, Corrected t, Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests were used in the analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: In all, 28 children participated in the study. The majority of children (75%) had a low anxiety score, with a mean CD: H score of 73.9 and 69.4 in the intervention and control groups respectively, and with no significant difference. Conclusion: Children submitted to DTP had the same degree of anxiety as those in the control group. However, it is suggested that new studies be performed with a larger number of children in different hospitalization scenarios.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de la técnica del Juguete Terapéutico Dramático (BTD) en el grado de ansiedad en niños en edad escolar hospitalizados. Método: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado realizado en dos hospitales de São Paulo, entre mayo y octubre de 2015. La intervención consistió en la aplicación del BTD y el resultado fue evaluado por medio del instrumento Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H). Se utilizó en el análisis los testesWilcoxon-Mann Whitney, T corregido, Exacto de Fisher y Qui-cuadrado con significancia de 5%. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 28 niños. La mayoría de los niños de ambos los grupos (75%) presentó clasificación de bajo grado de ansiedad, siendo la puntuación media del instrumento CD:H en el grupo intervención de 73,9 y en el grupo control de 69,4, sin diferencia significativa. Conclusión: Los niños sometidos al BTD presentaron el mismo grado de ansiedad que los del grupo control. Sin embargo, se sugiere que nuevos estudios sean realizados con mayor número de niños en variados escenarios de la hospitalización.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da aplicação da técnica do Brinquedo Terapêutico Dramático (BTD) no grau de ansiedade em crianças escolares hospitalizadas. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado realizado em dois hospitais de São Paulo, entre maio e outubro de 2015. A intervenção consistiu na aplicação do BTD e o desfecho foi avaliado por meio do instrumento Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H). Utilizaram-se na análise os testes Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, T corrigido, Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado com significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 28 crianças. A maioria das crianças de ambos os grupos (75%) apresentou classificação de baixo grau de ansiedade, sendo o escore médio do instrumento CD: H no grupo intervenção de 73,9 e no grupo controle de 69,4, sem diferença significativa. Conclusão: As crianças submetidas ao BTD apresentaram o mesmo grau de ansiedade que as do grupo controle. Entretanto, sugere-se que novos estudos sejam realizados com maior número de crianças em variados cenários da hospitalização.

Influence of Therapeutic Play on the anxiety of hospitalized school-age children: Clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Dramatic Therapeutic Play (DTP) technique on the degree of anxiety in hospitalized school-age children. METHOD: Randomized clinical trial performed in two hospitals ofSão Paulo, between May and October 2015. The intervention consisted of the application of DTP and the outcome was evaluated through the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD: H) instrument. The Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney, Corrected t, Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests were used in the analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: In all, 28 children participated in the study. The majority of children (75%) had a low anxiety score, with a mean CD: H score of 73.9 and 69.4 in the intervention and control groups respectively, and with no significant difference. CONCLUSION: Children submitted to DTP had the same degree of anxiety as those in the control group. However, it is suggested that new studies be performed with a larger number of children in different hospitalization scenarios.

Melhores práticas de enfermagem em educação em diabetes à criança hospitalizada: uma revisão integrativa / Best nursing practices in diabetes education for the hospitalized child: an integrative review

A incidência do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) tem aumentado nos últimos anos, com consequente incremento de hospitalizações de crianças por primodescompensação diabética, com crescente necessidade de processo educativo. Diante desta realidade, objetivou-se identificar na literatura as melhores práticas de enfermagem em educação em diabetes para crianças com DM1 hospitalizadas e sua família. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, com os descritores: Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diabetes Education, Nursing e Child, Hospitalized, e busca livre em revistas de referência e artigos similares. Foram selecionados quatro estudos, e identificadas três categorias: Envolvimento e Empoderamento da Família no Processo Educativo em Diabetes; Atuação da Equipe Multiprofissional; Definição e Conteúdo do Processo Educativo, concluindo que o processo educativo deve incluir a família, ser realizado por uma equipe multiprofissional e fundamentado em evidências científicas. Poucos estudos foram encontrados, evidenciando necessidade de mais pesquisas na área.

The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1) has increased in the last years, with a consequent growth of child hospitalizations due to diabetic prime decompensation, with growing need of an educational process. Thus, our objective was to identify in the literature the best nursing practices in diabetes education for hospitalized children with DM1 and their families. We conducted an integrative review with the descriptors: Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diabetes Education, Nursing and Child, Hospitalized, and the free search in reference journals and similar articles. We selected four studies, and we identified three categories: Family Involvement and Empowerment in the Diabetes Educational Process; Performance of the Multi-professional Team; Definition and Content of the Educational Process. We concluded that the educational process should include the family, it should be conducted by a multi-professional team and based on scientific evidence. We identified few studies, showing the need for more studies in the field.